Contagious equine metritis in mares is a treatable, highly contagious venereal disease that causes an acute purulent metritis with mucopurulent vaginal discharge ten to fourteen days after the mare has been bred to an infected stallion. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly contagious venereal infection of equids caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a bacterium with fastidious growth. Contagious equine metritis mare equimed horse health. California import quarantine contagious equine metritis. Contagious equine metritis an overview sciencedirect.
Contagious equine metritis cem, a highly contagious bacterial venereal infection of equids, caused by taylorella equigenitalis, is of major international concern, causing shortterm infertility. The energy metabolism of the english ecmo strain of contagious equine metritis bacterium was studied in whole cells and cell extracts. Culturing technique for contagious equine metritis. The cause is infection with a microaerophilic coccobacillus provisionally named haemophilus equigenitalis 1. Contagious equine metritis cem is an acute, highly contagious venereal disease of horses and experimentally of donkeys characterized by a profuse, mucopurulent vaginal discharge and early return to estrus in most affected mares. Contagious equine metritis cem is a venereal disease of horses caused by the bacteria taylorella equigenitalis.
Erdman united states of america 6 oie reference laboratory reports activities, 2019 if the answer is yes, please provide details of the data collected. Contagious equine metritis is horse vd, so it is transmitted from broodmare to stallion or vice versa at mating. This document outlines procedures for testing certain imported horses for cem after they arrive at approved quarantine facilities in the united states u. Contagious equine metritis cem has given rise to international concern since it was first recognized as a novel venereal disease of equids in 1977 and the etiologic agent was identified as. The index case was a healthy stallion that underwent routine testing for exportation of semen and the causative agent, taylorella equigenitalis, was isolated by culture on december 15. Contagious equine metritis in horses symptoms, causes. Stallions do not show any symptoms of cem, but mares often will have a thick discharge from the vagina.
Contagious equine metritis cem is a sexuallytransmitted disease of horses caused by the bacteria, taylorella equigenitalis. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly communicable venereal disease of horses, caused by. Contagious equine metritis prevention and control information about how to prevent and control further spread of contagious equine metritis. To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to. Towards european harmonisation of contagious equine. Contagious equine metritis cem is a sexually transmitted disease of equids caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a slowgrowing, capnophilic, gramnegative coccobacillus. A total of stallions have been confirmed by usdas national veterinary services laboratories nvsl as positive for taylorella equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis cem. Ricketts beaufort cottage laboratories, high street, n e w m a r k e t, suffolk, uk. Contagious equine metritis contagious equine metritis cem is a venereal disease of horses caused by the bacteria taylorella equigenitalis. Therefore early detection, treatment, and control is necessary. Culturing technique for contagious equine metritis cornell.
Contagious equine metritis cem has been confirmed in a stallion in kentucky, united states of america u. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly contagious venereal foreign animal disease of horses caused by the bacteria taylorella. Contagious equine metritis is a highly contagious genital infection of mares, spread venereally, and was first described in 1977. Contagious equine metritis is a venereally transmitted bacterial disease of horses. Contagious equine metritis is an inflammatory disease of the proximal and distal reproductive tract of the mare caused by.
Contagious equine metritis cem is a type of metritis uterine inflammation in horses that is caused by a sexually transmitted infection. After a second outbreak of cem in missouri in 1979, the disease was eradicated from the united states by rigorous testing, treatment, quarantine, and. Contagious equine metritis merck veterinary manual. Contagious equine metritis cem is a sexually transmitted disease of equids caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a gramnegative microaerophilic coccobacillus of the taylorella genus. Contagious equine metritis agriculture in ohio note. Horses cannot be tested while being treated and for a period of time after treatment with antibiotics. Infected stallions and chronically infected mares show no clinical signs. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly contagious venereal disease of horses that is characterized by endometritis, transient infertility, or rarely abortion. Contagious equine metritis cem is an acute, highly contagious venereal disease of equines and zebras. Contagious equine metritis cem cultures texas veterinary.
An outbreak of contagious equine metritis that occurred on stud farms in the newmarket area during 1977 is described. Contagious equine metritis cem school of veterinary. Contagious equine metritis cem is a transmissible venereal disease of equids caused by the gram negative bacterium, taylorella equigenitalis cem was first diagnosed in europe in 1977 but, over the following year, several other countries including the united states kentucky reported outbreaks. Contagious equine metritis cem is a sexually transmitted disease among horses caused by the bacteria taylorella equigenitalis clinical signs may include a mucopurulent vaginal discharge in up to 40% of affected mares, abortion, and infertility. Contagious equine metritis cem is an extremely contagious venereal disease that is acquired primarily via breeding. It is thus an equine venereal disease of the genital tract of horses, brought on by the taylorella equigenitalis bacteria and spread through sexual contact. Contagious equine metritis was classified as a reportable disease in the united states following the outbreak of cem in 1978 in kentucky. Pdf contagious equine metritis cases reported in france since 2006. The horse industry has experienced a number of serious infectious diseases over the last four years, including an outbreak of contagious equine metritis cem, said linda mittel, dvm, msph, infectious disease committee chairperson for the aaep. The last outbreak of cem in great britain was in 2012. By the end of the month, three more stallions on the same farm were. Contagious equine metritis is an inflammatory disease of the proximal and distal reproductive tract of the mare caused by taylorella equigenitalis, which usually results in temporary infertility. The disease was first reported in 1977, and has since been reported worldwide. Materials needed per culture instance mare 2 amies transport collection and transport system with charcoal 1 minitip amies transport collection and transport system with charcoal orange cap 1.
The acute form of the disease is characterised by mucopurulent vaginal discharge and variable degrees of vaginitis, endometritis and cervicitis, leading to temporary infertility timoney 2011. Infected stallions and chronically infected mares show no. Contagious equine metritis nenebraska department of agriculture. The nature, cause, origin, and progress of contagious equine metritis. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours.
The organism causing cem is a bacterium microaerophilic gramnegative coccobacillus and is highly contagious the disease usually does not become. Contagious equine metritis contagious equine metritis cem is a transmissible, exotic, venereal disease of horses caused by the bacterium taylorella equigenitalis. It is a nonsystemic infection, the effects of which are. Contagious equine metritis cem is a venereally transmissible disease of horses caused by the bacte rium taylorella equigenitalis that historically has been. What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory. Contagious equine metritis is caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a fastidious. Contagious equine merits cem is a highly contagious venereal disease of equine and zebra caused by the bacterium taylorella equigenitalis.
Pdf contagious equine metritis cem is a sexually transmitted disease of equids caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a gramnegative microaerophilic. The first positive stallion identified was a 20 year old lusitano stallion, imported from brazil in 2003, who was bred to the index mare by live cover and artificial. Taylorella equigenitalis the contagious equine metritis organism cemo contagious equine metritis cem caused by this organism was first diagnosed in 1977 in newmarket. Contagious equine metritis is a highly contagious genital infection of mares, spread venereally, and was first described in in mares, initial exposure to the disease usually results in a large amount of vaginal discharge 12 to 14 days following natural breeding with an infected stallion.
Contagious equine metritis cem horsedvm diseases az. The acute form of the disease is characterised by mucopurulent vaginal discharge and variable degrees of vaginitis, endometritis and cervicitis, leading to temporary. Contagious equine metritis factsheet california department of. Contagious equine metritis reproductive system merck. Cem causes economic loss in horse breeding by endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis and temporary infertility. Beaufort cottage laboratories, high street, newmarket, suffolk, uk. Pdf energy metabolism of the contagious equine metritis. Taylorella equigenitalis a gramnegative nonmotile, bacillus or coccobacillus belonging to the family pasteurellaceae, which is often pleomorphic and dumbbell shaped. Following the development and application of this code of practice, cem was eradicated in the uk and has occurred only.
This disease can spread widely from a single asymptomatic carrier, particularly a stallion. The disease is caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a gramnegative coccobacillus bacterium. Clinical signs in mares may include a mucopurulent vaginal discharge in up to 40% of affected mares, abortion and infertility. Contagious equine metritis a current perspective introduction and history. A regulation change proposal would need to be approved and this process can take up to two 2 years before. Contagious equine metritis, although not present in north america, could be imported, particularly through frozen semen from untested stallions. California laws currently prohibit the approval of a private cem quarantine in the state. Contagious equine metritis cem cultures texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory diagnostic bacteriology section in order to ensure valid test results, please observe the following requirements for the submission of samples for cem testing. Cei impact worksheet contagious equine metritis kentucky. The fossa and sinuses of the clitoris of mares are the preferred sites for t equigenitalis but it may be recovered from the cervix and endometrium in pure. Carrier mares stallions make the disease difficult to control, because they may show no signs of infection.
In the united states, cem is classified as a reported disease and rigorous testing, treatment, quarantine. It is associated with economic losses due to its detrimental effects on equine reproductive efficiency and the costs related to the treatment and testing for the diseases. Contagious equine metritis cem is an acute, highly contagious venereal disease of horses and experimentally of donkeys characterized by a profuse. Energy metabolism of the contagious equine metritis bacterium. Metritis contagiosa equina contagious equine metritis. In addition to the positive stallions, the nvsl has confirmed that three mares have cem. Information about how to prevent and control further spread of contagious equine metritis. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly contagious, venereal infection of horses caused by taylorella equigenitalis. Contagious equine metritis cem ricketts 1996 equine. Contagious equine metritis cem testing for imported. Exposure usually results in temporary infertility, and some mares become chronically infected and remain. Contagious equine metritis is a disease that came to world attention in 1977 because of its occurrence at horse stud farms in newmarket, england 7. We accept and clear from quarantine in excess of 300 mares and 25 stallions here in kentucky annually. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing.
Contagious equine metritis an overview sciencedirect topics. This disease occurs very rarely in the united states and does not affect other livestock or people. While this disease can be carried by either mares or stallions, it is the mare that suffers the ill effects of the infection. Horse s vaccinated for equine viral arteritis eva was were isolated for twentyeight days. The organism may be transmitted between stallion and mare during live cover, from stallion to mare during artificial insemination, or between stallions via contaminated breeding equipment. Contagious equine metritis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria taylorella equigenitalis. Thoroughbred horses appear to be more severely affected by the disease than other breeds. Clinically, there is temporary infertility in mares and a mucopu. Although most contagious equine metritis outbreaks involved thoroughbreds, infection in other breeds has also occurred.
Contagious equine metritis cases reported in france since. Peter timoney covers the basics of the contagious venereal disease. Contagious equine metritis reproductive system veterinary. Pdf contagious equine metritis cases reported in france. Cem was first diagnosed in europe in 1977 but, over the following year, several other countries including the united states. In december 2008, an outbreak of contagious equine metritis cem was reported in kentucky. Contagious equine metritis cem testing for imported horses.
Cem can be transmitted indirectly to mares and stallions via contaminated instruments and equipment such as tail bandages, buckets, sponges and contagilus. The disease has been reported in europe, australia and the united states. Contagious equine metritis cem testing for imported horses at approved quarantine facilities. It is spread during breeding or through contact with contaminated objects. After its discovery in 1977, cem spread rapidly worldwide, causing international concern within the horsebreeding industry. A positive endo metritis diagnosis also requires microscopic evidence of an influx of inflammatory cells i. Environmental mastitis remains a major challenge for todays well managed dairies as control of contagious mastitis improves.
Contagious equine metritis, also known as cem, is an extremely contagious venereal disease that horses can pass along to any other horse they mate with. Importation of horses from contagious equine metritis. Contagious equine metritis cem has been confirmed in a stallion in. Contaminated culture results will require retesting. Contagious equine metritis cem is a highly communicable venereal disease of horses, caused by the bacterium taylorella equigenitalis. Erdman united states of america 2 oie reference laboratory reports activities, 2019 tor 1. Establishes the required treatment standards for equines quarantined for the purpose of controlling contagious equine metritis cem within the. Introduction after 6 years of complete freedom from the disease, more cases of cem have recently been identified in the united kingdom. A teaser may also spread it, if they are allowed close contact with a. After a second outbreak of cem in missouri in 1979, the disease was eradicated from the united states by rigorous testing, treatment, quarantine, and surveillance.
Contagious equine metritis cem iowa state university. Contagious equine metritis cem is a transmissible venereal disease of equids caused by the gram negative bacterium, taylorella equigenitalis. Stallions do not exhibit any pathological findings. One outbreak involving mares and stallions on 2 studfarms was caused by the streptomycin resistant strain of taylorella. Contagious equine metritis can be diagnosed by isolation of the causative organism from the genital tract, or with polymerase chain reaction pcr assays. Contagious equine metritis importation program history and guidelines of program. Because animals may be asymptomatic, the disease is difficult to detect and control. Importing from contagious equine metritis affected countries. Stallions infected with contagious equine metritis are asymptomatic carriers and harbor the organism in the. Equine and nemo farm animal hospitals in ithaca, ny for horses and farm animals. Takeaways contagious equine metritis is a sexually transmitted disease transmitted by live cover breeding, contaminated equipment, and in semen collected for artificial insemination. Aug 28, 2019 fact sheet contagious equine metritis canadian food inspection agency.
It is transmitted by live cover breeding, contaminated equipment, and in semen collected for artificial insemination. Contagious equine metritis, equine encephalomyelitis, or mange, occurred on premises or within a radius of fifteen 15miles where the animals was were kept for at least sixty 60 days prior to exportation. Contagious equine metritis cem school of veterinary medicine. Kentucky is approved by the usda to accept both mares and stallions from countries considered by the usda as being affected with contagious equine metritis cem. Contagious equine metritis department of agriculture. Contagious equine metritis cem has given rise to international concern since it was first recognized as a novel venereal disease of equids in 1977 and the etiologic agent was identified as a. Cei impact worksheet contagious equine metritis kentucky, usa. Stallions infected with contagious equine metritis are asymptomatic carriers and harbor the organism in the urethral fossa, the urethra, or the sheath. If you suspect your horse is having some urinary or genital issues, contact your veterinarian. Contagious equine metritis testing equine reproductive. Mares may become infertile for one or more breeding cycles, resulting in economic losses. Prevention and management of mastitis involves two key areas. Michaela kristula, in equine infectious diseases second edition, 2014.
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