Seebeck effect definition of seebeck effect by merriam. The spin seebeck effect observed here is directly applicable to the production of spin voltage generators, which are crucial for driving spintronic15,16,17,18 devices. Schematic representation of the spin seebeck effect in different. Kenichi uchida of tohoku university keio university at that time. Recent increases in energy costs here in the united states, industrial growth throughout the world, plus the. In the seebeck effect, the same phenomena occurs, and there is a generation of electrical potential due to the application of a heat source. Here we demonstrate this property using the spin seebeck effect sse, that is, measuring the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient. Indications of the origin of spin seebeck effect discovered. Variable temperature seebeck measurement systems mmr technologies, inc.
The term thermoelectric effect encompasses three separately identified effects. The spinseebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The spin seebeck effect is of increasing importance in spintronics, since it enables direct generation of a spin current from heat and appears in a variety of magnets ranging from metals and semiconductors to insulators. The spin seebeck effect sse is a novel, only rudimentarily understood effect, which allows for the conversion of a heat flux into electrical energy. Peltier effect in 1834, a french watchmaker and part time physicist, jean peltier found that an electrical current would produce a temperature gradient at the junction of two dissimilar metals. Spin seebeck effect quantum dots spindependent interdot coupling. Seebeck effect using a thermocouple and an instrumentation amplifier. The spin seebeck effect is a spin motive force generated by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet that can be detected via normal metal contacts through the inverse spin hall effect k. The longitudinal spin seebeck effect sse, a pure spin current effect driven by a vertical heat current, was established in the bilayer structures consisting of a magnetic insulator such as yttrium iron garnet and a heavy metal such as au with strong spin orbit coupling soc but a negligible magnetic proximity effect 1, 2. Of particular interest is the spin seebeck effect sse that generates pure spin current without the accompany of the charge counterpart, or spin bias characterized by the splitting of spinup and spindown chemical potentials. This electric potential can be measured across the hot and the cold ends of the junction. For the case of weak interdot coupling, the three peaks merge into a. The product of spin mixing conductance and the interfacial spin seebeck coefficient determined is of the order of 108 a m2 k1. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, creating a temperature difference.
Spin seebeck mechanical force nature communications. Seebeck effect definition is the thermoelectromotive force generated in a circuit composed of different metals in successive contact when the junctions are not all at the same temperature. Indications of the origin of the spin seebeck effect discovered. Seebeck effect and seebeck coefficient electrical4u. Scientists unveil fundamental properties of spin seebeck effect by universitaet mainz thermally excited spin waves carry a spin current from the. Here we demonstrate this property using the spin seebeck effect sse, that is, measuring the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient across a thin film of yttrium iron garnet. Thermopower, or historically the seebeck effect, consists of the generation of an electric field, e, in the presence of a temperature gradient.
Scientists unveil fundamental properties of spin seebeck. Scientists unveil fundamental properties of spin seebeck effect. Recent studies on the spin seebeck effect have been. Our results reveal a characteristic increase of the longitudinal spin seebeck effect amplitude with the thickness of the insulating ferrimagnetic yig, which levels off at a critical thickness that increases with decreasing temperature. The seebeck effect describes the voltage or electromotive force emf induced by the temperature difference gradient along the wire. Peltier effect jean charles athanase peltier 17851845 peltier effect. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. These spin currents can be injected into an adjacent heavy metal hm layer with a high spinorbit coupling, which allows one to electrically detect the spin currents due to the. This physics is the basis for thermoelectric sensors and coolers.
Sse from magnontopological surface states interaction. Figure 1 the charge seebeck effect is a redistribution of charge due to an applied temperature gradient. It is regarded as a combination of spintronics and thermoelectricity. The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a. When a magnon is created or annihilated, an electron flips from majority to minority spinorientation or vice versa to conserve total spin, as illustrated schematically in fig. The spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which enables the thermal injection of spin currents from the ferromagnet into an attached nonmagnetic metal over a macroscopic scale of several millimeters. Discovered in 1834 an electrical current creates a cooling or heating effect at the junction depending on the direction of current flow. Ab we report timeresolved magnetooptic kerr effect measurements of the longitudinal spin seebeck effect in normal metaly3fe5o12 bilayers driven by an interfacial temperature difference between electrons and magnons. Seebeck e ect is the spin analogy to the conventional seebeck e ect. When the yig magnetization is in the direction, spinmomentum locking in the ti surface states then leads to a net rate of momentum transfer. For positivep,theinterdottunnelingratetc, tc,v andthe spinup. From a fundamental standpoint, the spinseebeck effect, like the chargeseebeck effect, allows insight into the electronic structure of materials. Development in spin seebeck devices maekawa goup jaea, saitoh group tohoku university.
Both effects showed strong dependence on the direction of h, reflecting inplane magnetization reversal process. Spinpolarized transport and spin seebeck effect in triple. Length scale of the spin seebeck effect andreas kehlberger,1, ulrike ritzmann,2 denise hinzke,2 erjia guo,1 joel cramer,1 gerhard jakob,1 mehmet c. Combining our measurements with modeling, we show that dipolar. Chien1, 1department of physics and astronomy, johns hopkins university, baltimore, maryland 21218, usa. When two wires composed of dissimilar metals are joined at both ends and one of the ends is heated, there is a continuous current which flows in the thermoelectric circuit. Observation of the spin seebeck effect request pdf researchgate. The seebeck effect the seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect direct conversion of temperature differences into electricity discovered in 1821 by thomas johann. For the case of large interdot spin polarization, such as p 0. Picosecond spin seebeck effect university of illinois at. Enhanced spin seebeck effect signal due to spin momentum locked topological surface states zilong jiang, 1 cuizu chang, 2 massoud ramezani masir, 3 chi tang, 1 yadong xu, 1 jagadeesh s. Theory of magnondriven spin seebeck effect internet archive. Pdf theory of magnondriven spin seebeck effect ken. Indications of the origin of the spin seebeck effect.
Jul 28, 2016 scientists unveil fundamental properties of spin seebeck effect by universitaet mainz thermally excited spin waves carry a spin current from the ferromagnet yig in this case into the metal layer. Pdf observation of spin seebeck contribution to the transverse. The experiment can be set up and conducted during a 1hour laboratory session. The seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a voltage difference between the two substances. These spin currents can be injected into an adjacent heavy metal layer with a high spin orbit coupling, which allows one to electrically detect the. He accidentally found that a voltage existed between two ends of a metal bar when a temperature gradient existed within the bar. T s is the thermopower coefficient, in a conductor under the condition of zero net current. Longitudinal spin seebeck effect contribution in transverse spin seebeck effect experiments in ptyig and ptnfo daniel meier1, daniel reinhardt1, michael van straaten1, christoph klewe1, matthias althammer2, michael schreier2,3, sebastian t. The seebeck effect the seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect direct conversion of temperature differences into electricity discovered in 1821 by thomas johann seebeck found that a voltage existed between two ends of a metal bar. The seebeck and peltier effects are different manifestations of the same physical process. The charge carriers, driven by the thermal gradient, reposition themselves in accordance to their individual spin or angular momentum.
The spin seebeck effect observed here is directly applicable to the production of spinvoltage generators, which are crucial for driving spintronic15,16,17,18 devices. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. The spinseebeck effect sse 11,12,14 is a practical way to generate such a powerful spinwave current. Sep 28, 2012 the spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of a spin voltage caused by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet, which enables the thermal injection of spin currents from the ferromagnet into an attached nonmagnetic metal over a macroscopic scale of several millimeters. Longitudinal spin seebeck effect contribution in transverse. Finally it is possible, to combine time resolved measurements, reported in ch. Research news new spin seebeck thermoelectric device. The spin seebeck effect is not only observed in ferromagnetic metal, but also in ferromagnetic semiconductor and.
The spin seebeck effect is a spinmotive force generated by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet that can be detected via normal metal contacts through the inverse spin hall effect k. Spinseebeck effect dongwook go department of physics, postech 2. Request pdf observation of the spin seebeck effect the generation of electric voltage by placing a conductor in a temperature gradient is. T h t c temperature difference between hot and cold junctions. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. In this article we propose a simple and lowcost experimental setup through which science educators can demonstrate the seebeck effect using a thermocouple and an instrumentation amplifier. Combining nernst and sse in bulk materials would enable devices with. One such combination of copper constantan, has a seebeck coefficient of 41 microvolt per kelvin at room temperature.
The product of spinmixing conductance and the interfacial spin seebeck coefficient determined is of the order of 108 a m2 k1. For a given thermal gradient, the electrons in the material separate themselves and generate an electric gradient, in accord with math\delta v s \delta t math where mathsmath is the seebec. This permits to synchronize the magnetization precession of the two layers and to rectify the flows of energy and magnetization through the system. A comment on this article appears in spin seebeck effect. Electric voltage spin voltage electric current flows. The voltage produced between the two points on a conductor when a consistent temperature difference of 1 o kelvin is maintained between them is termed as seebeck coefficient. The direction and the intensity of the gradient allow to excite the spin wave modes of each layer selectively.
The creation of an electrical potential across points in a metal that are at different temperatures, caused by the tendency of valence electrons in the. Modern scientists have been able to provide another dimension to the study of seebeck effect by studying the effect of application of heat supply to magnetized electrical conductors. University of groningen thermoelectric effects in magnetic. Intrinsic spin seebeck effect in au yig uci physics and. The spin seebeck effect sse describes the phenomenon that spin currents can be thermally excited by a temperature gradient across a magnetic material.
Using micromagnetic simulations, we have investigated spin dynamics in a spinvalve bilayer in the presence of a thermal gradient. Quantitative temperature dependence of longitudinal spin. Thermoelectric effect, materials, measurement and application energy conservation, use and efficiency are increasing important issues in the daily lives of all people in the modern world. In the paramagnet, the spin current is converted into an electric field due to the invserse spin hall effect.
Seebeck effect synonyms, seebeck effect pronunciation, seebeck effect translation, english dictionary definition of seebeck effect. The seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors produces a. Spin seebeck effect and thermoelectric phenomena in. Robust spin current generated by the spin seebeck effect spin pumping sp and the spin seebeck effect sse, two of the most common methods for generating a pure spin current from ferromagnetic insulators, are considered to share similar physical mechanisms. The spin seebeck effect sse is an emergent thermoelectric phenomenon, which enables a thermaltoelectrical energy conversion via the thermal injection of spin currents from a ferromagnet fm. It describes the generation of an electromotive force in a paramagnetic metal, attached to a ferromagnet, by a temperature gradient 9,106.
Observation of the spinseebeck effect in a ferromagnetic. Goennenwein2,4, arunava gupta5, maximilian schmid6, christian h. Enhanced spin seebeck effect signal due to spinmomentum locked topological surface states zilong jiang1, cuizu chang2, massoud ramezani masir3, chi tang1, yadong xu1, jagadeesh s. Robust spin current generated by the spin seebeck effect. The spin seebeck e ect attracted a lot of attention due to possible applications. A simple explanation of seebeck effect with its applications. The spin seebeck effect sse describes the phenomenon that spin currents can be thermally excited by a temperature gradient across magnetic materials. Thermoelectric devices create a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. We theoretically consider the spin seebeck effect, the charge seebeck coefficient, and the thermoelectric figure of merit in superconducting. Nano idea openaccess spinpolarizedtransportandspin. Seebeck effect definition of seebeck effect by the free. It describes the generation of an electromotive force in a paramagnetic metal, attached to a.
The inverse spin hall effect converts the injected spin current into a transverse charge voltage, thereby. This is a phenomenon in which a temperature gradient applied in a magnetic material produces a spin current along the temperature gradient. Time resolved spin seebeck effect experiments as a probe of. History of the seebeck effect discovered by thomas johann seebeck in 1821. Thermoelectric effect, materials, measurement and application. This effect has stimulated a strong interest in thermal aspects of spin transport5. The inverse spin hall effect converts the injected spin current into a transverse charge voltage, thereby producing. Of particular interest is the spin seebeck effect sse that generates pure spin current without the accompany of the charge counterpart, or spin bias characterized by the splitting of spin up and spin down chemical potentials. Seebeck measurement system thermoelectric measurements the seebeck measurement system. University of groningen magnon spintronics in noncollinear. There are three major effects involved in a thermocouple circuit. Chien1, 1department of physics and astronomy, johns hopkins university, baltimore, maryland 21218, usa 2department of physics, national tsing hua university, hsinchu 300, taiwan 3department of physics and astronomy, university of california, irvine, california 92697, usa.
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